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We have a suite of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometers employed for conventional, pulsed and electronically detected ESR.Â
The suite of ESR spectrometers provides the following measurement configurations:Â Â
conventional and pulsed ESR employing an electromagnet (0 – 1.6 T) and a liquid helium flow cryostat (4.2 – 300 K)Â
pulsed ESR employing a 3 He-4 He dilution refrigerator (down to 50Â mK) and a superconducting magnetÂ
electrically detected magnetic resonance with the capability of sensing the resonance of fewer than a hundred phosphorus impurity atoms in a silicon wafer.